A collapsed bridge road spilling into a swollen ochre river during flooding.
Climate Resilience 2030 — Field Dossier No. 01

Invisible Infrastructure看不见的基础设施

The Old Village Reservoir村里的老水库
ISSUED 7 JULY 2026 / 发布于 2026年7月7日 CLIMATE RESILIENCE 2030
Opening / 引言

Most of the year, a reservoir is silence. A flat green mirror behind a village, a place where laundry dries and children skim stones. It is easy to forget that a wall of earth, built before satellites could watch it, is the only thing between a sleeping town and a river with nowhere else to go.

一年里的大多数日子,水库只是安静的存在——村庄背后一面平静的绿色镜子,晾衣服、打水漂的地方。人们很容易忘记,那道在卫星还能俯瞰它之前就已建好的土坝,是沉睡的村庄与无处可去的河流之间,唯一的屏障。

Aerial view of a river valley town surrounded by flooded fields and mist-covered mountains.
A river valley town, days into a season of extreme rainfall — the water does not distinguish between farmland, road, and home. 一座河谷小镇,正处在极端降雨的季节里——洪水从不区分农田、道路与家。
The Scale / 体量

A system too large to see大到无法被看见的体系

95,000
reservoirs built by end of 2024座水库(截至2024年底建成)
≈1trillion m³
total national storage capacity全国总库容约1万亿立方米
99%
are small or medium-sized是中小型水库
80%
were built before 1980建于1980年以前
90.2%
are earth-and-rock dams为土石坝结构
↑
risk of overtopping rises with extreme rainfall在极端暴雨下漫坝、溃坝风险上升
“The quiet risk is not only in the storm. It is in the small structures we stopped seeing.”
“真正被低估的风险,不只在台风本身,而在那些我们早已习惯到看不见的小设施。”
Plates 02–06 — Satellite Field Notes / 卫星实地记录

What the water remembers河流记得什么

Google Earth satellite view marking the Liulan Reservoir near Heng County, Nanning, Guangxi, with coordinates 22°56'16.00\
PLATE 02

Liulan Reservoir

六蓝水库 · 广西横州

Marked at 22°56'16.00"N, 109°18'26.04"E, ground elevation 136.31m — one of several reservoirs that showed distress under Typhoon Mesak's rainfall in 2026.

定位于北纬22°56'16.00",东经109°18'26.04",地面海拔136.31米——2026年台风“美莎克”强降雨下,出现险情的水库之一。

Satellite close-up showing Liulan Reservoir and Daliu Reservoir side by side, with dams and access roads visible.
PLATE 03

Liulan & Daliu Reservoirs

六蓝水库 · 大六水库

Two reservoirs sharing a ridge, each behind an earth dam a few hundred metres wide — the scale at which most of the country's flood control actually happens.

两座水库共用一道山脊,各自依靠一段仅数百米宽的土坝——这正是全国大多数防洪工程真实存在的尺度。

Satellite view of Yunbiao Reservoir, a branching green reservoir surrounded by forested hills.
PLATE 04

Yunbiao Reservoir

云表水库

A branching reservoir that also reported distress during the same 2026 rainfall event — small water bodies, tied together by the same weather system.

同样在2026年这场降雨中出现险情的分支状水库——彼此独立的小水域,却被同一个天气系统连在一起。

Satellite view of Jiuling Reservoir, also known as Jiuling Lake, in Jinxiu County.
PLATE 05

Jiuling Reservoir

九凌水库 · 金秀瑶族自治县

Known locally as Jiuling Lake — a working reservoir and a landscape, the two roles rarely separated in the eyes of the village that lives beside it.

当地人称之为“九凌湖”——它既是一座在运行的水库,也是一处风景,在住在旁边的村庄眼里,这两个身份从不曾分开过。

Satellite view of Shuiyan Reservoir surrounded by dense forest and terraced land.
PLATE 06

Shuiyan Reservoir

水燕水库

Ordinary, unremarkable, forested on every side — the kind of reservoir with no news story attached to it, until a season it doesn't have.

平凡、不起眼、四周皆是林地——这是一座从未上过新闻的水库,直到某个它撑不住的雨季。

Index of Exposure / 分布索引

Where the numbers concentrate数字最集中的地方

01
Hunan湖南
14.4%
Highest share of the nation's reservoir count — dense oversight, warning, and evacuation systems matter most here.全国水库数量占比最高的省份——基层巡查、预警与转移体系在这里最为关键。
02
Jiangxi江西
11.0%
Hilly terrain, many small reservoirs — risk spread thin across many points rather than one.山丘地形、小型水库众多——风险分布在众多的“点”上,而非集中在一处。
03
Guangdong广东
8.6%
Frequent typhoons and heavy rain — old reservoirs sit directly above dense downstream towns.台风与强降雨频繁——老旧水库往往正位于密集下游城镇的上方。
04
Sichuan四川
8.3%
Complex terrain; reservoirs serve supply and irrigation, and can become local risk sources in extreme rain.地形复杂,水库兼顾供水与灌溉,在极端降雨中也可能成为局地风险源。
05
Hubei湖北
6.6%
Both count and storage volume are high — downstream population exposure needs equal attention.数量与总库容都不低——下游人口的暴露度同样需要关注。
06
Shandong山东
6.6%
Fewer reservoirs than the south, but local intense rain and aging works still carry hidden risk.数量少于南方省份,但局地强降雨与老旧工程隐患仍不可忽视。
07
Yunnan云南
6.2%
Mountainous, high storage volume — reservoir safety is tangled with landslides, roads, and communication loss.山地地形、库容较大——水库安全常与山洪、滑坡、道路和通信中断交织在一起。
Case in Focus / 焦点案例

Guangxi, 2026广西,2026年

TYPHOON MESAK / 台风“美莎克”

When four reservoirs, in one county, all showed distress at once

In Hengzhou, Nanning — under the rainfall of Typhoon Mesak — the Liulan, Yunbiao, Sancha, and Chayuan reservoirs each reported signs of distress within the same event. None of them made headlines before. All of them still hold water above a village.

在南宁市横州,台风“美莎克”带来的降雨中,六蓝、云表、三岔、茶园四座水库在同一场降雨中相继出现险情。它们从未上过新闻头条,却始终在村庄之上蓄着水。

View Liulan Reservoir on the map · 在地图上查看六蓝水库 ↗
22°56'16.00"N 109°18'26.04"E · elevation 136.31m
Documented Incidents / 已记录的险情

When small structures failed当小设施失守之时

2018 — HAMI, XINJIANG

Sheyuegou Reservoir

A short burst of extreme rainfall caused overtopping and dam failure, with loss of life — proof that arid regions are not exempt.

短时极端暴雨导致射月沟水库漫顶溃坝,并造成人员伤亡——干旱地区同样并非豁免之地。

2021 — INNER MONGOLIA

Yong'an & Xinfa Cascade Reservoirs

Two reservoirs on the same river breached in sequence during heavy rain — a reminder that one failure can trigger the next.

永安、新发两座梯级水库在强降雨中连续溃决——一处失守,可能触发系统性连锁影响。

2021 — ZHENGZHOU, HENAN

The "7·20" Storm

84 of the city's 143 reservoirs showed distress; Guojiazui Reservoir overtopped — small water bodies, citywide consequence.

郑州全市143座水库中84座出现不同程度险情,郭家咀水库发生漫坝——小小的水体,牵动整座城市。

2024 — SUIHUA, HEILONGJIANG

Shuanghong, Qianfeng & Hongsheng Dams

Three small earth-rock dams overtopped in succession; timely response prevented a breach — this time.

双红、前锋、宏胜三座小型土石坝相继漫坝,因处置及时未发生溃坝——这一次。

2026 — HENGZHOU, GUANGXI

Typhoon Mesak

Liulan, Yunbiao, Sancha and Chayuan reservoirs all reported distress in the same rainfall event — the case this dossier follows.

六蓝、云表、三岔、茶园四座水库在同一场降雨中出现险情——本篇聚焦的正是这个案例。

“The quiet risk is not only in the storm. It is in the small structures we stopped seeing — the village reservoir, the earth dam, the spillway, the warning route — until one day they decide where the water goes.”
真正被低估的风险,不只在台风本身,而在那些我们早已习惯到看不见的小设施:一座村庄水库、一段土堤坝、一个泄洪口、一条转移路。平时它们供水,暴雨时它们决定水往哪里去。
Sources / 资料来源
  • Ministry of Water Resources — China Water Resources Development Statistical Bulletin (mwr.gov.cn)
  • The State Council — "China's reservoirs hold roughly 1 trillion m³ in total capacity" (gov.cn)
  • The State Council — "China has formed the world's largest water infrastructure system" (gov.cn)
  • China Water Resources Statistical Yearbook 2024 — Table 2-3, reservoir count and capacity by region (tjnj.net)
  • Research dataset — China Reservoir Count Data, 1987–2024 (gis5g.com)
  • Research paper — Safety Assurance and Resilience of Small & Medium Dams under Extreme Floods (cehome.com)
  • China News Service — "Typhoon Mesak batters Guangxi, several reservoirs show distress" (gx.chinanews.com.cn)