Research notebook — in use Page 01 · pencil & ink ↩ Return to EarthLinC
Independent Research Station Linked with EarthLinC

Human-Centered AI — Who Holds the Pen?

An evolving research notebook on human judgment, authorship and human–AI collaboration.

Foundations — agency · values · collaboration Four dimensions Status: open

Status note — English is the reference version of this document; the other languages are complete translations for reading.

Pencil sketch of a person working at a desk while wide arcs of machine capability are drawn expanding outward around them machine capability, expanding the person still decides
fig. 01 — the human at the center, capability drawn outward

The question this station keeps

Every leap in machine capability quietly rearranges a human life.

What we decide, what we hand over, and what we gradually stop practising all shift long before anyone announces a change. This station studies where the person sits as the surrounding system grows, and what has to be designed and maintained for that position to hold.

A center holds through continuing work — designed, maintained, and checked.

Research foundations

Three commitments held together
Foundation — Human agency

The right to stay the author.

Agency has four working parts: understanding what happened, a meaningful choice among options, the ability to intervene, and accountability afterwards. The research question is practical — which decisions stay in human hands, and how the seam between person and system is kept visible in the interface and in the record.

reading: meaningful human control · contestability · automation bias

Foundation — Human values

Whose good is being optimised?

Values arrive plural, local, and often in conflict, and a system that averages them has already made a choice. We study how values get encoded, who can contest that encoding, and what it takes to treat refusal as a first-class outcome with handling of its own.

reading: value pluralism · consent · the right to say no

Foundation — Human-AI collaboration

Two kinds of memory in one room.

Complementarity is harder to design than raw capability. A system that retains far more than a person can hold, and a person who understands why it matters, pass work back and forth, each keeping to what it does well. Calibrated trust — judging when to rely on a result and when to check it — is the skill being designed for.

reading: handoff · calibrated trust · explanation as dialogue

What the human is doing

Five sketches from the working pages
Pencil sketch of a person sitting still, chin resting on one hand, thinking

Thinking

The pause before the answer. In this notebook, that deliberation stays with the person.

fig. 02a
Pencil sketch of a person standing where a hand-drawn path forks in two directions

Choosing

Two roads drawn in pencil. Which one gets taken, and who answers for it afterwards.

fig. 02b
Pencil sketch of a person leaning over a sheet of paper, drawing marks with a pen

Creating

Authorship as an act: something made on purpose, by someone, for a reason.

fig. 02c
Pencil sketch of a person holding an open book, reading

Learning

Understanding held by a person as well as by the record. A slow skill that fades when it goes unused.

fig. 02d
Pencil sketch of a person working beside wide dashed arcs of machine capability, with work handed back and forth

Collaborating

Capability drawn as arcs around the person: reaching further while the pen stays in their hand. The drawing states a design aim.

fig. 02e

Five postures, one figure. Everything else on these pages is drawn around them.


Four dimensions

Select a dimension

Each one begins as a human question and ends as an engineering problem. That descent — from meaning to mechanism — is the whole work.

HUMAN
Dimension — Identity

Who is speaking, and can that travel?

When anything can be generated, origin becomes the scarce thing. Identity work asks how a person, a work or a claim can carry attribution across systems that were not built to preserve it, while everyday expression stays free of surveillance.

tied to: digital identity · verifiable credentials · provenance chains · consent

Dimension — Context

Meaning depends on situation.

A sentence read without its situation is easy to misread. Context is the conditions a record was made in — when, where, under what pressure, by whom, for whom. A century of archival practice shows that meaning erodes as context is stripped away, and models inherit that loss at scale.

tied to: archives & preservation · records continuum · situated data · decay

Dimension — Relationship

Meaning lives in the edges.

People, works, places and moments matter because of what they point at. Recording the pointing itself as data keeps a human world navigable by both people and machines; links left as decoration disappear with the platform that displayed them.

tied to: knowledge graphs · linked data · URIs · graph traversal

Dimension — Knowledge

What a machine can be told, and what it can only be shown.

Formal representation buys inspection: structure you can read, argue with, and correct. Statistical inference buys reach. The open question is the boundary — how much of human knowledge survives being written down as structure, and how to handle the rest honestly.

tied to: knowledge representation · ontologies · Semantic Web · limits of formalisation

Fields we borrow from

Each dimension has a literature
↔ Identity

Digital identity & provenance

Decentralised identifiers, verifiable credentials, signed provenance. Decades of work on proving who said what, while leaving everyone's name out of a single central authority.

↔ Knowledge

Knowledge representation & the Semantic Web

RDF, ontologies, shared vocabularies. The long, stubborn attempt to make meaning machine-readable while keeping it human-authored and open to disagreement.

↔ Relationship

Knowledge graphs & linked data

Entities joined by typed edges across independent sources. A model of the world where relationships are explicit and inspectable. Outliving any one system is stated here as a design aim, and remains an aim rather than a demonstrated result.

↔ Context

Archives & preservation

Appraisal, description, custody, migration. The discipline of keeping things legible over time, including the conditions that made them mean something in the first place.

Hand-drawn field note: a few people walking a wandering path on the left, a dense hatched field of machine scale rising on the right, a dashed seam between them human scale — paths, choices, second thoughts machine scale — recall, reach, tirelessness the seam
Plate — the seam between human scale and machine scale

Humans and AI, holding different things

A division of responsibility
The human holds
  • Intent — why this, why now
  • Judgement under real consequence
  • Responsibility that can be asked after
  • Consent, and the ability to withdraw it
  • Meaning, read from situation as well as pattern
The system extends
  • Recall across more than one mind can hold
  • Scale, and patience without fatigue
  • Pattern across distances we can't see
  • Synthesis, drafted fast and cheaply
  • Tirelessness — which is also its risk

The failure mode to watch is a person quietly giving up the work in the left column because the right column makes it easy to skip. Designing for this division means keeping that work practised.

Where EarthLinC enters

A protocol follows the question it is meant to serve.

Hand-drawn relationship map: a human at the centre, linked by pencil lines to four dimensions — identity, context, relationship and knowledge Identity Context Relationship Knowledge
fig. 03 — four dimensions holding one center
Identity A station carries its author through identifiable references. Those references support attribution; they are not cryptographic proof of real-world identity or of copyright ownership. Attribution travels wherever the references resolve.
Context A moment carries the conditions it was made in as part of the record itself.
Relationship Links are first-class. Things point at each other, and the pointing is recorded as data, with the aim of outlasting any single platform. The scope note below sets out the conditions that aim depends on.
Knowledge Open, readable structure sits above sealed inference. What is known can be inspected and contested.

A protocol is a modest instrument. Deciding what matters stays with people. What it governs is how a decision is recorded, so that when someone decides, the decision stays legible to whoever comes later, including the people who were not in the room. The design status of that aim is set out in the scope note below.

Station open — research continues

Still open