2030HUB / COURSE-03 / ONE WEEK GAP
0 HEART 0 CYCLE 0 INSIGHT $0 FLOW
YOUR WEEK

OPEN HERE ▸ NEW STUDENT FIELD NOTEBOOK ▸ COURSE-03

ONE WEEK.
ONE PLACE.
ONE EARTH.

a week nobody pays you for — and it pays you back for life

This is not a plan. It is a warm-up. Give yourself seven days and one place you actually care about — an ocean, a forest, a river, your campus, or just one tree, one meal, one trip. Follow the money, read the risk, do something small, then come back and look again. Your future career is not only a job: it is where meaning, value and play meet Earth.

$44TMore than half of world GDP is moderately or highly dependent on nature. (WEF, 2020)
$7TFlows every year to nature-negative activity — roughly 30× nature-positive finance. (UNEP, 2023)
$1→$5Every dollar in key ocean actions returns at least five over 30 years. (Ocean Panel, 2020)
7Days. That is the whole board. One week is enough to change the angle you see from.

THE RULES · AND HOW THE SCORE IS CALCULATED

PLAY IT LIKE A SPORT

Every door is a dive. Open it, go deeper, find the links, come back and choose again. There is no finish line — only growth.

01

PICK A PLACE

Ocean, forest, river & wetland, campus, food, one tree. Choose the one you can walk to, smell, remember.

02

FOLLOW THE MONEY

Each door holds three dives: where money comes from, where it breaks, who already won. Each dive = +1 CYCLE.

03

READ 2030 / 2040 / 2050

One place, three futures. Which year does today's decision arrive as a bill — or a dividend?

04

DO IT THIS WEEK

Tick an action: +1 HEART and +1 day on your week meter. Seven days = one full round.

05

LOOP AND RETURN

Every door ends with a loop that sends you into another door. That is how Earth works: everything is linked.

How the score is calculated (fully transparent): ✦ INSIGHT = +1 per door opened. ↻ CYCLE = +1 per dive opened. ♥ HEART = +1 per action done. $ FLOW = a symbolic ledger: every card carries the real cited figure behind it, scaled down to one student. It is a score, not a claim about your personal impact. For real maths, use the calculator below — formula and source are printed on it.

THE BOARD · OPEN A DOOR

WHERE DOES YOUR WEEK START?

Click one. When a door opens, the money starts moving.

🌊OCEANOPEN

Roughly every second breath you take comes from the ocean. And 37.7% of marine fish stocks are now fished beyond biologically sustainable limits.

$1 → $5Invest in four key ocean actions — offshore wind, sustainable fisheries, shipping decarbonisation, mangrove protection — and each dollar returns at least five over 30 years.

FOLLOW THE MONEY

The ocean economy produces about US$2.5 trillion a year in goods and services — the 7th largest economy on Earth if it were a country. Insurance, port land values and tourism contracts all sit on top of coral and mangroves. Mangroves alone prevent over US$65 billion of flood damage a year and shelter 15 million people.

WHERE IT BREAKS

About US$22 billion a year in harmful fisheries subsidies pushes boats to keep fishing past the point where it pays. Taxpayers are funding the collapse. This is not nature failing; it is a money flow badly designed.

SOMEONE ALREADY WON

Mikoko Pamoja in Gazi Bay, Kenya is the world's first community-led mangrove carbon project: about 3,000 tonnes of credits a year, roughly US$25,000, converted straight into village wells, school books and seedlings. Small money, long horizon, ledger held by the community.

2030

The pledge is 30% of the ocean protected (Kunming-Montreal GBF, Target 3). Today it is around 8%. That gap is a job description.

2040

At 1.5°C, warm-water coral reefs lose 70–90%; at 2°C, over 99%. Reef tourism, catch and coastal protection go with them.

2050

A sustainable ocean economy could deliver up to 40× more ocean renewable energy and 6× more sustainable food — around one fifth of the emissions cuts needed.

↻ Loop: your seafood dinner is also a FOREST card — farmed fish feed is made of soy. Open FOREST next.

SOURCES: FAO SOFIA 2024 · Ocean Panel 2020 · Menéndez et al. 2020 · Sumaila et al. 2019 · IPCC SR1.5 · Mikoko Pamoja / Plan Vivo

🌲FORESTOPEN

Forests hold about 80% of land biodiversity and 1.6 billion people depend on them. They are also the largest air-conditioning system on Earth that never sends an invoice.

26% → 50%+Costa Rica's forest cover went from 26% in the 1980s to over 50% today — not with slogans, but with a pipeline built from a fuel tax and water tariffs.

FOLLOW THE MONEY

Costa Rica's Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme has paid landowners over US$500 million since 1997 to keep trees standing. The money comes from petrol pumps and water bills and travels uphill to farmers. It won the 2021 Earthshot Prize.

WHERE IT BREAKS

About 17% of the Amazon has been cleared; scientists warn that beyond 20–25% it tips toward savanna. That changes rainfall for South America's farms and the output of its hydropower dams — a bill that crosses a continent.

SOMEONE ALREADY WON

Brazil's Amazon Fund (over US$1.3 billion, mostly from Norway and Germany) was reactivated alongside enforcement, and Amazon deforestation fell roughly 50% in 2023. Policy plus money plus satellites can bend a curve in a single year.

2030

The global target: restore 30% of degraded ecosystems and halt deforestation. The EU Deforestation Regulation already asks cocoa, coffee, soy, beef and palm oil to prove a clean origin. Your chocolate now carries a passport.

2040

If tropical forests keep degrading they can flip from carbon sink to carbon source, rewriting the price and credibility of every carbon credit. The people who learn due diligence today are the scarce talent then.

2050

A nature-positive transition could create around 395 million jobs and US$10 trillion of annual business value by 2030 (WEF). Forest jobs are not only rangers: they are mapping, insurance, supply chain, law and finance.

↻ Loop: forests write the rainfall, rainfall writes the river. Open RIVER & WETLAND next.

SOURCES: FAO State of the World's Forests · FONAFIFO / Costa Rica PES · Lovejoy & Nobre 2018 · INPE PRODES 2023 · WEF Future of Nature and Business 2020 · EUDR 2023

💧RIVER & WETLANDOPEN

Since 1970 the world has lost 35% of its wetlands — three times faster than forests. They cover about 6% of land yet deliver services valued at around US$47.4 trillion a year.

$1.5B vs $6–10BNew York City spent about US$1.5 billion protecting the Catskills watershed instead of US$6–10 billion on a filtration plant. Cheap tap water is a forest nobody cut down.

FOLLOW THE MONEY

Peru's MERESE law directs around 1% of water tariffs into upstream ecosystems. Lima is using it to restore pre-Inca amunas canals that push wet-season water into the mountain so it reappears from springs months later. You pay a water bill; ancient engineering comes back online.

WHERE IT BREAKS

A filled-in wetland comes back as a flood insurance premium, a pump and a relocation cost. Monitored freshwater species populations have fallen about 85% on average since 1970 — the steepest decline of any group.

SOMEONE ALREADY WON

The Netherlands' Room for the River: about €2.3 billion across 34 sites, moving dykes back and giving the river its floodplain. The result was not only flood safety but parks, quays and land value. Every unit invested in prevention saves several in recovery.

2030

Cities start paying for natural infrastructure — permeable ground, rain gardens, wetland parks — because it undercuts concrete pipes on price.

2040

Water risk becomes a pricing factor in credit and insurance. Which river your city sits on, and whether the forest upstream is intact, shows up in the interest rate.

2050

A restored river corridor is a carbon sink, a cooling band, a commute and a place to fall in love — all at once. Cities get re-ranked by their water.

↻ Loop: that river also runs through your campus pipes. Open CAMPUS next.

SOURCES: Ramsar Global Wetland Outlook 2021 · NYC DEP Watershed Program · Peru MERESE Law 30215 / AQUAFONDO · Rijkswaterstaat Room for the River · WWF Living Planet Report 2022

🏫CAMPUSOPEN

A university is a small city: energy, canteens, buildings, procurement — and an endowment or pension fund. Your tuition is inside that flow.

~70%+Most institutions carry the bulk of their footprint in Scope 3 — procurement, travel, supply chain — not on the electricity meter. The biggest lever is usually a contract, not a bin.

FOLLOW THE MONEY

Over 1,600 institutions with more than US$40 trillion in combined assets have made some form of fossil fuel divestment commitment, and universities went first. Your university's strongest climate tool is usually its portfolio, not its brochure.

WHERE IT BREAKS

Many climate pledges have no baseline. If nobody can hand you the Scope 1/2/3 numbers, that is not a dead end — that is your week's project. A two-page report titled the data does not exist yet is stronger than any poster.

SOMEONE ALREADY WON

The student projects that survive are the ones with a ledger, a beneficiary and a successor: canteen surplus redistribution, a move-out reuse market, lab energy programmes (closing one fume hood sash can equal the electricity of several homes).

2030

Employers start assuming you can read an emissions report. People who can do the arithmetic get hired before people who can chant.

2040

Retrofit and heat decarbonisation become the biggest capital line. The student who asked how old the boiler is now sits at the table then.

2050

Universities become nodes in regional energy and nature systems — generating, storing, growing, training. The campus is the demonstration site.

↻ Loop: a campus's biggest daily emissions usually sit on a canteen tray. Open FOOD next.

SOURCES: GHG Protocol Scope 3 Standard · Stand.earth Global Fossil Fuel Divestment Commitments Database · UNEP Emissions Gap Report · Higher-education sustainability reporting frameworks

🍜FOODOPEN

Food systems account for around 34% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In 2022 the world wasted 1.05 billion tonnes of food, most of it in households. This is the system you touch three times a day.

$1 → $14Champions 12.3 studied 700 companies: the median return on US$1 invested in cutting food waste was US$14. Few portfolios do that.

FOLLOW THE MONEY

Wasted food is worth roughly US$1 trillion a year, and it drags its shadow with it: the water, land, labour and transport already spent. Not throwing away one meal is reclaiming a whole supply chain.

WHERE IT BREAKS

About 77% of agricultural land is used for livestock while providing roughly 18% of calories. That is not a moral verdict; it is a land balance sheet — and it explains where the forest went.

SOMEONE ALREADY WON

Copenhagen and Seoul turned food waste into biogas and fertiliser through pay-as-you-throw systems; South Korea now recycles over 90% of its food waste. Design the rule once, and a whole city performs it daily.

2030

SDG 12.3: halve per-capita food waste. It is one of the few global targets an ordinary person can advance every single day.

2040

Climate change redraws the crop map: coffee, cocoa and wheat shift latitude. What you drink today gets more expensive, rarer, or made somewhere else.

2050

Around 9.7 billion people. Feeding everyone without taking one more hectare of forest is the largest business — and the largest design brief — of the century.

↻ Loop: one meal's footprint is no match for the patience of a thirty-year-old tree. Open ONE TREE next.

SOURCES: Crippa et al. 2021 (Nature Food) · UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2024 · Champions 12.3 / WRAP 2017 · Poore & Nemecek 2018 (Science) · FAO · UN World Population Prospects

🌳ONE TREEOPEN

The smallest door often opens furthest. A single street tree produces measurable annual value: shade, cooling, stormwater interception, particle filtering, land value.

2–4°CTree canopy can cut street-level temperature by several degrees, and urban trees measurably reduce particulate matter within about 30 metres. In a heatwave, a tree is free public health.

FOLLOW THE MONEY

Freetown, Sierra Leone tokenised its trees: each one is GPS-located, photographed and tracked, and growers are paid according to survival. The tree has to live for the money to land — possibly the most honest performance contract ever written.

WHERE IT BREAKS

Newly planted urban trees often die at 15–30% in the first years, mostly from nobody watering them. One million trees planted is a headline; one million trees kept alive for three years is a project.

SOMEONE ALREADY WON

Seoul's Cheonggyecheon: an elevated highway removed and a buried stream brought back for about US$380 million. Local temperatures fell by roughly 3.3–5.9°C, species counts jumped, and hundreds of thousands of people now walk there. Remove a road, grow a living room for a city.

2030

Canopy cover becomes a hard planning metric, counted like parking spaces.

2040

The tree you plant today is only now mature — its value curve is steepest between years 15 and 25. Patience earns interest here.

2050

Streets with canopy and streets without will mean two property markets, two health datasets and two kinds of childhood.

↻ Loop: a tree needs water, and the water comes from that river. Return to the start and choose again — that is the cycle.

SOURCES: i-Tree / USDA Forest Service · The Nature Conservancy, Planting Healthy Air 2016 · Freetown City Council #FreetownTheTreeTown · Seoul Metropolitan Government / Cheonggyecheon restoration studies

RUN THE NUMBERS · FORMULA IN THE OPEN

TURN ONE DECISION INTO MONEY

Choose a scale, choose a move. The same act done by one person and by one city — that difference is the price of leadership.

EARTH IMPACT CALCULATOR

0.30tonnes CO₂e avoided / year
$57of damage avoided, at the social cost of carbon

tonnes = 0.30 t/person × 1 person  |  $ = tonnes × $190 per tonne (US EPA 2023 social cost of CO₂, 2% near-term Ramsey discount rate)

Note: each coefficient is an order-of-magnitude estimate from public research (UNEP Food Waste Index 2024, Poore & Nemecek 2018, DEFRA/ICAO aviation factors, i-Tree). Use it to compare sizes, not to claim decimals.

WORLD DECK · LEADING EXAMPLES BY REGION

SOMEONE ALREADY WIRED THE MONEY RIGHT

Every card carries one number, one money pipeline, and one thing almost nobody sees. The invisible line is usually the reason it works.

COSTA RICA · CENTRAL AMERICA

FOREST BOUGHT WITH PETROL MONEY

A Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme has paid landowners over US$500 million since 1997; forest cover climbed from 26% to over 50%.

FUEL TAX + WATER TARIFF → FARMERS

Unseen: a pipeline running from a petrol pump to a hilltop farmer for nearly 30 years.

NETHERLANDS · EUROPE

ROOM FOR THE RIVER

About €2.3 billion across 34 sites: dykes moved back, floodplain returned to the river. The output was safety plus parks plus land value.

€2.3BN PUBLIC WORKS → FLOOD + AMENITY

Unseen: a country admitting it cannot beat water, so it made a partnership instead.

KENYA · EAST AFRICA

A VILLAGE SELLS ITS OWN CARBON

Mikoko Pamoja, Gazi Bay: the first community mangrove carbon project, about US$25,000 a year turned into wells, books and seedlings.

CARBON CREDITS → COMMUNITY LEDGER

Unseen: the sum is tiny, but the ledger is held locally. That is ownership, not charity.

CHINA · EAST ASIA

THE WORLD'S LARGEST NATURE PAYMENT

The Grain for Green programme reached tens of millions of households at a scale of over US$100 billion; Saihanba turned wasteland into one of the world's largest planted forests and won a UN Champions of the Earth award.

STATE TRANSFERS → 32M HOUSEHOLDS

Unseen: three generations planting in relay — the first never saw the forest finished.

SEYCHELLES / BELIZE / ECUADOR

DEBT TRADED FOR OCEAN

Seychelles' 2015 debt-for-nature swap and 2018 first sovereign blue bond; Belize's 2021 deal cutting US$364 million of debt for 30% ocean protection; Ecuador's 2023 Galápagos swap of about US$1.6 billion — the largest ever.

SOVEREIGN DEBT → MARINE PROTECTION

Unseen: the protected area is not drawn on a map — it is written into the repayment terms.

SOUTH KOREA · EAST ASIA

A HIGHWAY REMOVED, A STREAM RETURNED

Seoul's Cheonggyecheon: about US$380 million, local cooling of roughly 3.3–5.9°C, and one of the busiest walking spaces in the city.

CITY BUDGET → COOLING + FOOTFALL

Unseen: traffic did not collapse. People changed how they moved. Demand follows the space you give it.

PERU · SOUTH AMERICA

WATER BILLS FUND ANCIENT CANALS

Under the MERESE mechanism, water utilities channel about 1% of tariffs upstream; Lima is restoring pre-Inca amunas canals to bank water for the dry season.

1% OF TARIFFS → HIGHLAND ECOSYSTEMS

Unseen: the most advanced water infrastructure available may be 1,400 years old.

DENMARK · NORDICS

THE ISLANDERS OWN THE TURBINES

Samsø became energy self-sufficient in about a decade. The decisive factor was not technology but local equity: farmers and residents bought the shares, so the returns stayed on the island.

COMMUNITY EQUITY → LOCAL DIVIDENDS

Unseen: when the dividend is local, the objection disappears. Ownership is social licence.

AUSTRALIA · OCEANIA

INDIGENOUS RANGERS

Social return studies find that Indigenous ranger programmes generate around A$3 of social, economic and cultural value per A$1 invested, while caring for vast land and sea country.

PUBLIC FUNDING → 1:3 SOCIAL RETURN

Unseen: the management knowledge is 60,000 years old. Only the budget line is new.

JAPAN · EAST ASIA

SATOYAMA & SATOUMI

Satoyama — the worked landscape between city and wilderness — became richer through centuries of human use, and is now a global biodiversity initiative.

MAINTENANCE LABOUR → BIODIVERSITY

Unseen: some nature is not saved by leaving it alone. It is saved by being tended, year after year.

BRAZIL · SOUTH AMERICA

A CURVE BENT IN ONE YEAR

The Amazon Fund reactivated, enforcement restored and satellites watching: Amazon deforestation fell roughly 50% in 2023.

DONOR FUND → ENFORCEMENT → SATELLITE PROOF

Unseen: what changed was not the forest but the decision. The forest simply complied.

SIERRA LEONE · WEST AFRICA

EVERY TREE HAS AN ID

Freetown tracks trees digitally and pays growers on survival, turning planted into alive.

IMPACT TOKENS → GROWERS PAID ON SURVIVAL

Unseen: verification is the product. Without it, planting is just a press release.

THE SURPRISE DOOR · CLICK AND FLY

OPEN A RANDOM DOOR

MOUNTAIN

MOUNTAINS ARE THE WORLD'S WATER TOWERS

Mountains supply fresh water to roughly half of humanity and are chronically under-funded. Retreating glaciers are not a distant view problem: they rewrite the delivery schedule of water for hundreds of millions downstream. Find a mountain you can see and ask: when does the water arrive here, and when does it leave?

A TRIP

ONE TRIP IS ONE VOTE

Tourism accounts for about 8% of global emissions — and the same money can be the steadiest income a protected area has. Costa Rica, Rwanda and Palau wire visitor fees straight into conservation funds. The question is not whether to travel, but: how long does my money stay, and in whose hands does it land?

A PARTY

A PARTY CAN BE A FUNDRAISING MACHINE

One event, 100 people: reusable cups, local ingredients, surplus redistributed, and a small slice of the ticket wired to one specific project — say, three years of watering for 20 trees. Joy is the best fundraising tool there is, because it forwards itself.

BHUTAN

A CONSTITUTION THAT DEMANDS FOREST

Bhutan's constitution requires that at least 60% of the country stays forested — it currently exceeds 70% — making it one of the few carbon-negative countries on Earth. When the rule sits in the constitution, short-term politics cannot trade it away.

MEGHALAYA, INDIA

A BRIDGE THAT TOOK THIRTY YEARS TO GROW

The Khasi people guide the aerial roots of rubber fig trees into living bridges. They take decades to become usable and then get stronger with age. No maintenance budget, no depreciation curve — the exact inverse of modern infrastructure economics.

THE MONEY ITSELF

YOUR BANK ACCOUNT IS YOUR BIGGEST MACHINE

For most people the biggest climate lever is not the recycling bin but where the money sleeps: the bank, the pension, the tuition. Around US$7 trillion a year flows to nature-negative activity — and a small part of that is all of ours.

THE HEART · WHERE IT ACTUALLY STARTS

DO YOU REMEMBER THE RIVER

"We rode bicycles along the river until the streetlights came on. That water is still my teacher."

Behind everyone who lasted a long time in this work, there is a memory nobody paid for: a river in summer, a grandmother's vegetable patch, the smell of the school gate after rain, the first firefly. Data convinces a mind; memory keeps a person. So the first task of the week is not research. It is remembering.

Then connect that memory to one number. What is the water quality of that river today? What stands on that vegetable patch now? That junction — between the heart and the ledger — is the part of your future work that no AI will take.

MY WEEK, PAGE ONE

This text stays on your screen only. Nothing is uploaded, no account, nothing is sent anywhere.

WHAT'S NEXT · THERE IS NO END

AFTER THE WEEK, THE GAME KEEPS GOING

By 2030 the world has pledged around US$200 billion a year for nature and the reform of some US$500 billion in harmful subsidies. At the same time, AI is absorbing every task that can be copied. What stays valuable? Judgement, local knowledge, the ability to gather people — and the willingness to be responsible for something that only pays off in ten years.

So this is not a training course and not a global challenge campaign. It is Course-03 by 2030Hub for new university students: take one week, enter one place, follow the money, do something small, write it down, pass it on. You are not waiting for a job. You are opening a station.

If you found a topic here you want to keep digging — go and build your own Earth station. We would like to learn from you too.

PICK A PLACE · SET SEVEN DAYS · BEGIN

SOURCES · GO DEEPER

EVERY NUMBER, WHERE IT CAME FROM

Search these titles for the originals. Learning to check a source is half of this course.

  1. World Economic Forum (2020), Nature Risk Rising: Why the Crisis Engulfing Nature Matters for Business and the Economy — the US$44 trillion dependency figure.
  2. UNEP (2023), State of Finance for Nature — nature-based solutions finance vs. nature-negative flows of about US$7 trillion a year.
  3. CBD (2022), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework — Targets 2, 3, 18 and 19 (30×30, subsidy reform, US$200bn/year).
  4. High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (2020), Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy — the 1:5 return.
  5. FAO (2024), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) — 37.7% of stocks outside biologically sustainable limits.
  6. Menéndez, Losada, Torres-Ortega, Narayan & Beck (2020), The Global Flood Protection Benefits of Mangroves, Scientific Reports.
  7. Sumaila et al. (2019), Updated estimates and analysis of global fisheries subsidies, Marine Policy.
  8. IPCC (2018), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C — coral reef loss at 1.5°C and 2°C; IPCC (2023), AR6 Synthesis Report.
  9. Plan Vivo / ACES, Mikoko Pamoja and Vanga Blue Forest project documents, Gazi Bay, Kenya.
  10. FONAFIFO, Costa Rica — Payment for Environmental Services programme reports; The Earthshot Prize (2021), Protect & Restore Nature winner.
  11. Lovejoy & Nobre (2018), Amazon Tipping Point, Science Advances.
  12. INPE (2023), PRODES Amazon deforestation monitoring; BNDES, Amazon Fund annual reports.
  13. Ramsar Convention (2021), Global Wetland Outlook: Special Edition — 35% wetland loss since 1970; ecosystem service valuations.
  14. New York City DEP, Watershed Protection Programme — Catskills/Delaware filtration avoidance.
  15. Peru, Ley de Mecanismos de Retribución por Servicios Ecosistémicos (MERESE, Law 30215); AQUAFONDO and SEDAPAL amunas restoration reports.
  16. Rijkswaterstaat, Room for the River programme evaluation, Netherlands.
  17. WWF (2022), Living Planet Report — freshwater population index.
  18. Crippa et al. (2021), Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions, Nature Food.
  19. UNEP (2024), Food Waste Index Report — 1.05 billion tonnes wasted in 2022.
  20. Champions 12.3 / WRAP (2017), The Business Case for Reducing Food Loss and Waste — the 14:1 median return.
  21. Poore & Nemecek (2018), Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers, Science.
  22. US EPA (2023), Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases — approx. US$190 per tonne CO₂ at a 2% near-term discount rate.
  23. i-Tree / USDA Forest Service, i-Tree Eco and Street Tree benefit models; The Nature Conservancy (2016), Planting Healthy Air.
  24. Freetown City Council, #FreetownTheTreeTown programme documentation, Sierra Leone.
  25. Seoul Metropolitan Government and peer-reviewed studies on the Cheonggyecheon restoration (cooling and biodiversity outcomes).
  26. The Nature Conservancy, Seychelles debt-for-nature swap and blue bond; Belize Blue Bonds for Ocean Conservation (2021); Galápagos debt conversion (2023).
  27. Samsø Energy Academy, Samsø Renewable Energy Island reports, Denmark.
  28. Social Ventures Australia, Social Return on Investment analyses of Indigenous ranger programmes.
  29. UNU-IAS, International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI), Japan.
  30. Dasgupta, P. (2021), The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review, HM Treasury.
  31. TNFD (2023), Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures.
  32. IEA, World Energy Investment (annual) and BloombergNEF, Energy Transition Investment Trends (annual).
  33. Stand.earth, Global Fossil Fuel Divestment Commitments Database; GHG Protocol, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard.
  34. WEF (2020), The Future of Nature and Business — 395 million jobs and US$10 trillion by 2030.
  35. Lenton et al. (2019 & 2023), Climate tipping points, Nature / Global Tipping Points Report.