Supply chain water stewardship training kit · 供应链水资源管理培训包

Start with One Basin

一个流域开始

“It is easy to talk with factory people about water saving — it is cost. It is rare to talk about investing back into the water resource.” “和工厂谈节水很容易,因为那是成本。谈把水投资回水源、谈未来的取水能力风险,就很少了。”
FOR supplier leadership → EHS & engineering → line teams
面向 供应商管理层 → 环境/工程 → 车间班组
FORMAT 90-min board session · 1-day workshop · 20-min toolbox talk
CORE IDEA your meter is not the boundary — the basin is
核心 边界不是水表,是流域

The conversation stops at the fence line对话,止步于厂界

Across hundreds of factory visits the pattern repeats. Water talk is welcome — right up to the moment it stops being about this month’s bill and starts being about the next twenty years of the river.

走访了全球大量工厂,规律几乎一样:水,可以谈——只要它还是这个月的水费。一旦谈到未来二十年这条河还能不能供得上,话就说不下去了。

Easy · 容易谈

Mass balance, saving, cost水平衡、节水、成本

Close to daily work, tied to money, owned by the engineer. Meters, leaks, reuse ratio, cooling tower cycles — the language is already there.贴近日常、与钱挂钩、工程师说了算。水表、跑冒滴漏、回用率、冷却塔浓缩倍数——语言是现成的。

Acceptable · 可以谈

Community & river clean-ups社区与河道清洁

Volunteering along the nearby river is welcomed. It builds goodwill — but a bag of litter is not a cubic metre of water returned.沿河做志愿清理,大家乐意参加。它带来善意——但一袋垃圾,不等于一立方米水的回补。

Rare · 很少谈

Investing back & future water capability回补投资与未来取水能力

Who else draws from this source? What is our allocation in 2035? What happens to the licence if the basin over-draws? This is where the kit aims.同一水源还有谁在取?2035年我们的配额是多少?流域超采后,取水许可怎么办?——培训要打的,正是这一层。

Four numbers to open any room开场用的四个数字

Use these as reported by their sources, then immediately replace them with the factory’s own basin numbers from Aqueduct or the Water Risk Filter. Global data opens attention; local data creates ownership.

先按原始出处引用,再立刻换成这家工厂所在流域的真实数据(Aqueduct 或 Water Risk Filter)。全球数据用来吸引注意,本地数据才产生责任。

≈4bn

people live under highly water-stressed conditions at least one month a year; a quarter of the world already lives in extremely high baseline water stress.约40亿人每年至少有一个月处于高度缺水状态;全球四分之一人口已生活在极高水压力地区。

WRI Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas (2023) · wri.org/aqueduct

+1% / yr

global freshwater use has grown roughly one per cent every year for four decades, driven largely by industry and irrigation.四十年来,全球淡水用量以每年约1%的速度增长,主要来自工业与灌溉。

UN World Water Development Report / UN-Water · unwater.org

companies reporting to CDP have valued their water risks at several times the cost of the action that would address them.向 CDP 披露的企业估算:水风险的潜在损失,是应对成本的数倍。

CDP Global Water Report · cdp.net/en/water

−6%

of GDP by 2050 in the worst-affected regions if water is managed as usual — scarcity hits growth, not just plants.若延续现有管理方式,到2050年受影响最重的地区GDP或损失达6%——缺水打击的是增长,不只是某个工厂。

World Bank, “High and Dry” · worldbank.org/topic/water

The BASIN ladder — five rungs from your tap to the watershed流域五级阶梯:从你的水龙头,到整个流域

One word per rung, one action per rung, one piece of evidence per rung. An environment manager who today starts at wastewater treatment can climb this in one year without changing job title.

每一级:一个词、一个动作、一份证据。今天从废水处理起步的环境经理,一年之内可以爬完这五级,职务不必变。

B01 / Factory 车间

Balance — know every cubic metre算清:每一立方米都有去处

Close the water mass balance: intake, process, cooling, sanitation, evaporation, product, discharge. Target closure error under 5%. This is the rung most teams already stand on — name it as the first rung, not the whole ladder. 做闭合的水平衡:取水、工艺、冷却、生活、蒸发、产品带走、排放。闭合差控制在5%以内。多数团队已经站在这一级——要说清楚:它是第一级,不是全部。
Do this week 本周动作Sketch the balance on one A3 with real meter readings from last month; circle every unmetered line in red.用上月真实抄表数据,在一张A3上画出水平衡图;把没有计量的管线全部用红笔圈出。
Evidence 证据Signed balance sheet + meter list with calibration dates.签署的水平衡表+计量器具清单及校准日期。
A02 / Resource 水源

Ask — where does it come from, where does it go追问:水从哪来,到哪去

Name the source (river, reservoir, aquifer, municipal — and behind the municipal pipe, which river?) and name the receiving water body. Then name the neighbours: farms, towns, other factories drawing the same source. A factory that cannot name its river cannot manage its risk. 说出水源名称(河流、水库、地下水、自来水——自来水背后又取自哪条河?),说出受纳水体名称。再说出邻居:同一水源上的农田、城镇、其他工厂。说不出河流名字的工厂,管不了自己的风险。
Do this week 本周动作Put the factory pin into WRI Aqueduct and the WWF Water Risk Filter; print the one-page basin profile and hang it beside the ETP control panel.把工厂坐标输入 Aqueduct 和 WWF Water Risk Filter,打印一页流域概况,贴在污水站控制柜旁。
Evidence 证据Basin profile with stress score, source name, discharge point on a map.含水压力评分、水源名称、排放口位置的流域档案。
S03 / Efficiency 效率

Save — reduce, reuse, recycle, in that order节省:先减量,再回用,最后深度回收

Keep the money conversation — it is the engine. Rank projects by m³ saved per RMB, not by technology fashion. Reuse cooling blowdown and final rinse before buying an RO train; a leak survey usually beats a membrane. 继续谈钱——钱是发动机。按“每元节水量”排序,而不是按技术时髦程度。先回用冷却排污和末道漂洗水,再考虑上反渗透;查漏的性价比通常高于上膜。
Do this week 本周动作Pick the top three water users by m³ and set a per-unit-of-production target for each, with the line supervisor’s name on it.找出用水量前三的工序,各定一个单位产品耗水目标,并写上责任班长姓名。
Evidence 证据Trend of m³ per unit of production, monthly, 12 months.近12个月单位产品取水量月度趋势。
I04 / Risk 风险

Identify risk — physical, regulatory, reputational防患:物理、法规、声誉三类风险

Ask three questions out loud: how many production days do we lose if intake drops 30% for a month? What happens at the next permit renewal if the basin is over-allocated? What happens if the community downstream sees our discharge first? Then price the answers — a shutdown day has a number. 大声问三个问题:若取水量连续一个月下降30%,我们停产几天?若流域超配额,下次换证会发生什么?若下游社区最先看到的是我们的排口,会怎样?然后把答案换算成钱——停产一天,是有数字的。
Do this week 本周动作Run one 60-minute drought & flood tabletop with production, maintenance and HR. Write the trigger levels down.和生产、设备、人事一起做一次60分钟的干旱与洪水桌面推演,把启动阈值写下来。
Evidence 证据Water risk register with owner, trigger, response, cost of downtime.水风险清单:责任人、触发条件、响应措施、停产损失。
N05 / Return 回补

Nourish — give water back, and do it with others回还:把水还回流域,并且和别人一起做

Move from volunteering to volumetric benefit: wetland or riparian restoration, irrigation efficiency with neighbouring farms, leakage repair in the town network, groundwater recharge. Measure it in m³ using a recognised method, and join whoever is already convening the basin — regulator, water utility, AWS site group, industrial park. 从“做志愿”走向“可计量的回补量”:湿地与河岸修复、与周边农户合作的节水灌溉、协助修复城镇管网漏损、地下水回灌。用公认方法核算成立方米,并加入已有的流域协作平台——水务主管部门、供水公司、AWS 场地小组、工业园区。
Do this week 本周动作List every organisation already working on this river. Ask to attend one meeting. That is the whole first step.列出所有已经在这条河上做事的机构,申请参加一次会议。第一步就这么简单。
Evidence 证据m³ replenished (VWBA-style calculation) + names of basin partners.回补水量(按 VWBA 类方法核算)+流域合作方名单。

The five characters people actually remember · 真正记得住的五个字

算 · 问 · 省 · 防 · 还

Balance it. Ask where it comes from. Save it. Defend against the risk. Give it back. Five characters, five rungs — say them in every shift meeting until the line team can finish the sentence.

算清楚、问来源、省着用、防风险、还回去。五个字,五级台阶——每次班前会说一遍,直到班组能接上下一个字。

Three rooms, three versions of the same story三个场合,同一个故事的三种讲法

Same ladder, different length and different proof. Never deliver the leadership deck to the line team, and never deliver the toolbox talk to the owner.

阶梯相同,长度与证据不同。切勿把管理层的材料讲给班组,也切勿把班前会的内容讲给老板。

Track 01 · Supplier leadership

The licence to keep operating继续经营的“许可”

90 minutes · 90分钟 · owner, GM, finance 老板/总经理/财务

  1. Your basin in one slide: stress score, source, neighbours.一页看懂你的流域:水压力评分、水源、共用者。
  2. Downtime maths: cost of one day stopped for water.停产算账:因水停产一天的成本。
  3. Permit & allocation outlook to 2030 — capacity expansion is a water question.到2030年的许可与配额展望——扩产首先是水的问题。
  4. What buyers will ask for next, and what an AWS-aligned site looks like.品牌客户下一步会问什么;符合 AWS 的场地长什么样。
  5. Decide: name a water owner, approve a budget line, set one basin action.当场决定:任命水管理责任人、批一条预算、定一项流域行动。
Leaves with 带走A signed one-page water commitment with a named owner and a budget number.一页签字的水管理承诺:责任人+预算金额。

Track 02 · EHS & engineering

From the ETP to the watershed从污水站走到流域

1 day workshop · 一天工作坊 · env. manager, utility engineer 环境经理/动力工程师

  1. AM: build the water balance live, on real meter data.上午:用真实抄表数据现场做水平衡。
  2. AM: hands-on Aqueduct + Water Risk Filter, print your basin profile.上午:动手操作 Aqueduct 与 Water Risk Filter,打印本厂流域档案。
  3. PM: reuse hierarchy & project ranking by m³ per RMB.下午:回用层级与“每元节水量”项目排序。
  4. PM: drought/flood tabletop; write trigger levels and response.下午:干旱与洪水桌面推演,写下阈值与响应。
  5. PM: map basin stakeholders; draft one replenishment idea and how to measure it.下午:绘制流域相关方地图;起草一项回补方案及计量方式。
Leaves with 带走Balance sheet, basin profile, risk register, 90-day action plan.水平衡表、流域档案、风险清单、90天行动计划。

Track 03 · Line & utility teams

The river you already know你早就认识的那条河

20-min toolbox talk · 20分钟班前会 · operators, maintenance 操作工/维修

  1. Name our river out loud. Who else drinks from it?大声说出我们这条河的名字。还有谁在喝它?
  2. Show this week’s m³ number and what changed it.公布本周用水量,以及是什么让它变了。
  3. Three habits: report the leak today, close the rinse valve, no dumping to storm drain.三个习惯:当天报漏、关好漂洗阀、雨水口不排污。
  4. Say the five characters together: 算 问 省 防 还.一起念五个字:算、问、省、防、还。
Leaves with 带走A shift board showing m³ this week vs last, and the river’s name at the top.一块班组看板:本周与上周用水量对比,顶上写着河流的名字。

And if not? Then this.如果不做,会怎样?

“Everyone knows: no water, or too much water, and the line stops.” The risk is not abstract — it arrives on a schedule, and it arrives before the training budget does.

“大家都知道:没水,或者水太多,生产线就停。”风险并不抽象——它有时间表,而且比培训预算来得更早。

Next dry season 下个枯水期
Intake pressure drops. Water is trucked in at 5–20× the tariff, quality varies, boilers and dyeing go out of spec.进水压力下降,靠罐车买水,单价是自来水的5–20倍,水质波动,锅炉与染色开始超差。
Next permit renewal 下次换证
The basin is over-allocated, so your withdrawal quota is cut and discharge limits tighten. Nobody negotiates a quota they never asked about.流域超配额,取水指标被压减、排放标准收紧。从没关心过配额的人,也就没有谈判的余地。
Next customer audit 下次客户审核
You can show a wastewater plant but not a basin position. Orders quietly move to a supplier who can.你能拿出污水站,却拿不出流域说明。订单安静地转向能拿得出的供应商。
Next flood 下次洪水
Raw material store and MCC room sit below the historic flood line. Recovery is measured in weeks; the insurance excess is measured in months of margin.原料仓与配电室位于历史洪水位以下。恢复以周计,免赔额以几个月的利润计。
Next 5 years 未来五年
Expansion is refused — not because of land or power, but because the basin has no water left to allocate. Your growth plan dies in a hydrology report.扩产被否——不是因为土地或电力,而是流域已无水可配。增长计划终结于一份水文报告。
Meanwhile 与此同时
Neighbours who saw only your discharge pipe are the loudest voices at the hearing. Goodwill cannot be bought in the week you need it.只见过你排污管的邻居,会是听证会上声音最大的人。善意,无法在急需的那一周临时买到。

The other way round · 反过来说

A factory that can name its river, its neighbours, its quota and its return volume is a factory that keeps its licence, its orders and its expansion. That is the whole business case — everything above is just how to get there.

一家能说清自己的河流、邻居、配额与回补量的工厂,才能保住许可、订单和扩产空间。这就是全部的商业理由——上面所有内容,只是通往那里的路。

Free tools the team can open this afternoon今天下午就能打开的免费工具

No licence, no consultant needed for the first pass. Each tool answers one rung of the ladder.

第一轮不需要付费软件,也不需要顾问。每个工具对应阶梯上的一级。

Rung 02 · 问

WRI Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas

Baseline water stress, drought and flood risk by coordinate — the fastest way to give a factory its basin score.按坐标查询基线水压力、干旱与洪水风险,最快给出工厂所在流域评分。

Rung 02 & 04 · 问/防

WWF Water Risk Filter

Basin risk plus operational risk questionnaire and scenarios to 2050; good for a supplier self-assessment campaign.流域风险+运营风险问卷与2050情景,适合做供应商自评项目。

Rung 01–05 · 全阶梯

AWS International Water Stewardship Standard

The site-level standard that structures exactly this journey: gather, commit, implement, evaluate, communicate.场地级水管理标准,其框架正是这条路径:收集、承诺、实施、评估、沟通。

Rung 05 · 还

UN Global Compact CEO Water Mandate

Guidance on water stewardship, collective action and how to talk about replenishment credibly.水管理、集体行动的指南,以及如何可信地讲“回补”。

Rung 05 · 还

Water Action Hub

Find who is already working in your basin before you invent a new project.在自己另起炉灶之前,先看看谁已经在你的流域里干活。

Rung 04 · 防

Science Based Targets Network — Freshwater

Where corporate water targets are heading: basin-contextual, not just percentage reductions.企业水目标的方向:基于流域情境,而不只是百分比削减。

What we ask suppliers to report我们要求供应商报告的指标

Seven lines. If a supplier can fill these honestly, they are on the ladder; if the last two are blank, they are still inside the fence.

七行。能如实填完,说明已经在阶梯上;最后两行空着,说明还站在厂界之内。

Indicator 指标Unit / evidence 单位与证据Rung 对应级
Total withdrawal by source按水源分类的取水总量m³/yr, meter records立方米/年,抄表记录01 算
Water balance closure error水平衡闭合差< 5%, signed balance sheet<5%,签署的水平衡表01 算
Named source & receiving water body水源与受纳水体名称Name + map + basin stress score名称+地图+流域水压力评分02 问
Water intensity per unit of production单位产品取水量m³/unit, 12-month trend立方米/单位,12个月趋势03 省
Reuse / recycling rate回用率% of total demand占总需水量百分比03 省
Production days at risk (drought / flood)干旱/洪水下的停产风险天数Days + cost, from tabletop天数+损失,来自桌面推演04 防
Volumetric benefit returned to basin回补流域的水量m³/yr + partner names立方米/年+合作方名单05 还
Designed to print as a facilitator handout · 可直接打印作为讲师讲义

References & further study参考资料与延伸学习

Sources behind the data above, and the reading list we give to any supplier who wants to go further. Always check publication dates — water data updates fast.

以上数据的出处,以及给愿意深入的供应商的书单。请留意发布年份——水数据更新很快。

Global data & risk全球数据与风险

  • WRI AqueductWater risk atlas, floods, food & country rankings — the base map for any supplier screening.水风险地图集、洪水与国家排名,供应商筛查的基础地图。
  • WWF Water Risk FilterBasin + operational risk scoring and 2030/2050 scenarios.流域与运营风险评分,含2030/2050情景。
  • UN-WaterGlobal statistics, SDG 6 progress, annual World Water Development Report.全球统计、可持续发展目标6进展、年度《世界水发展报告》。
  • UNESCO World Water Assessment ProgrammePublisher of the WWDR series used for the growth-in-use figure.《世界水发展报告》出版方,本页“用水增长”数据出处。
  • FAO AQUASTATCountry water withdrawal by sector — useful to show factories their share vs agriculture.分部门取水量国别数据,可用于说明工业与农业的用水比例。
  • World Bank — Water“High and Dry: Climate Change, Water and the Economy” and country diagnostics.《High and Dry》报告及国别水资源诊断。
  • IPCC AR6 Working Group IIChapter 4 on water: what changes in the hydrological cycle actually mean for operations.第4章“水”:水循环变化对生产运营的实际含义。
  • Pacific InstituteWater conflict chronology, corporate water stewardship research.水冲突年表与企业水管理研究。

Standards, targets & disclosure标准、目标与披露

  • Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS)The Standard, guidance and training/credentialing for site-level stewardship.AWS标准、指南与场地级水管理培训认证。
  • CEO Water MandateCorporate water stewardship guidance, Water Resilience Coalition, net positive water.企业水管理指南、水韧性联盟、净正效益用水。
  • CDP Water SecurityDisclosure questionnaire and annual global water reports — the risk-vs-cost figures.披露问卷与年度全球水报告,风险与成本对比数据出处。
  • Science Based Targets NetworkFreshwater target-setting methods for corporates and their supply chains.面向企业与供应链的淡水科学目标设定方法。
  • Water Footprint NetworkBlue/green/grey water footprint concepts for training and accounting.蓝/绿/灰水足迹概念,适合培训与核算。
  • GRI 303: Water and EffluentsReporting structure most brands already align supplier data to.多数品牌用于对齐供应商数据的报告框架。
  • CeresValuing Water Finance Initiative — how investors now frame corporate water risk.水价值金融倡议:投资者如何看待企业水风险。
  • WBCSDBusiness guides on water stewardship, circular water and basin engagement.企业水管理、水循环与流域参与的实践指南。

Manufacturing & supply chain制造与供应链

  • ZDHC — Roadmap to ZeroWastewater Guidelines, chemical management — the natural entry point for textile EHS teams.废水指南与化学品管理,纺织EHS团队最自然的切入口。
  • Cascale (formerly SAC / Higg FEM)Facility environmental module: where most suppliers already report water.工厂环境模块,多数供应商已在此报告用水数据。
  • Textile ExchangeMaterials and water impact data across fibre supply chains.纤维供应链的材料与水影响数据。
  • Apparel Impact InstituteVerified efficiency programmes and water/energy savings evidence in factories.经验证的工厂节水节能项目与成效证据。
  • UN Environment ProgrammeCleaner production and industrial water efficiency resources.清洁生产与工业水效资源。

China context中国本地资料

  • 中华人民共和国水利部 Ministry of Water Resources取水许可、用水定额、国家节水行动与水资源公报。Abstraction permits, water-use quotas, national water-saving action, annual water resources bulletin.
  • 生态环境部 Ministry of Ecology and Environment排污许可、流域水质标准与监测数据。Discharge permits, basin water quality standards and monitoring data.
  • China Water Risk中国流域水风险的独立分析,适合做管理层材料。Independent analysis of China basin water risk — strong material for leadership sessions.
  • WWF — Water流域项目案例与长江、珠江等流域工作参考。Basin programme case studies, including Yangtze and Pearl River work.