Forces That Move the World
Vol. 01  ·  2025
Invisible forces made visible — the kinetic world in motion
The Ideas Issue

MOMEN
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Stories of the invisible forces propelling people, places, ideas, and systems into — and beyond — the moment of change.

What makes something unstoppable?  This issue tracks the forces — social, scientific, economic, and human — that build enough mass and velocity to reshape the world around them.

8%
Global share of emissions cut needed each year to stay under 1.5°C
4.7B
People with internet access — more than ever in human history
300M
Jobs at risk of displacement by AI tools by 2030
1in 3
People live in countries where democratic decline is accelerating
$10T
Estimated annual value of unpaid care work, globally
42%
Share of global energy now from renewables in new capacity additions
Source: IRENA, 2024

Six things keeping our editors up at night.

Momentum isn't just speed — it's mass times velocity. These are the tensions we think carry the most weight right now.

01
Can cities absorb millions of climate migrants without fracturing?
By 2050, up to 1.2 billion people may be displaced by climate events. The real question isn't movement — it's reception.
World Bank Groundswell
02
Is generative AI giving us a new Renaissance — or a new Industrial Revolution?
Past transformations created as much as they destroyed. But their timescales gave society time to adapt. This one may not.
McKinsey on Gen AI
03
Why do social movements peak and vanish — and what leaves a lasting mark?
From Occupy to #MeToo to BLM: the anatomy of whether a moment becomes a movement or a memory.
PNAS: Movement Dynamics
04
What happens when a language dies — and what is truly lost?
A language disappears every two weeks. With each one goes a unique cosmology, a way of encoding the natural world irreplaceable by translation.
Ethnologue: Endangered Languages
05
Can trust in institutions be rebuilt once it's been broken?
Across 28 countries, trust in government, media, and science is at historic lows. Understanding the mechanics of repair matters more than the lament.
Edelman Trust Barometer 2024
06
How does compounding work — in wealth, in knowledge, and in kindness?
The most powerful force in economics is also the most underestimated force in human behaviour. What gives momentum its momentum?
Annual Review: Compounding Returns
An object in motion stays in motion — unless something acts upon it. The question is never whether force exists. It is whether we are applying it, or whether it is being applied to us.
— Newton's First Law, reframed for human systems
The Tipping-Point Trap: Why the Systems We Depend On Are Closer to the Edge Than We Think

Climate scientists have long warned of tipping points — moments when gradual change becomes irreversible cascade. New research reveals these thresholds are embedded in social, economic, and ecological systems alike. The harder question: can we tip them the other way?

Read at Nature →
The Lawyers Who Changed a Nation's Law on Love

Menaka Guruswamy and Arundhati Katju argued before India's Supreme Court and changed the lives of 130 million people. On momentum, sacrifice, and the grammar of justice.

Watch the TED Talk →
Small Acts, Systems Change: The New Science of Ripple Effects

Behavioural economists have found that small, targeted interventions — a question, a nudge, a reframe — can propagate through networks and reshape norms at scale.

Read at HBR →
Climate Infrastructure
Jigar Shah
Director of the US Dept of Energy Loan Programs Office, Shah has deployed over $400 billion in financing for clean energy infrastructure — arguably the most impactful climate bureaucrat alive. He doesn't move markets with speeches. He moves them with debt instruments.
DOE Loan Programs Office →
AI Safety
Yoshua Bengio
One of the founders of the deep learning revolution, Bengio now dedicates his work to AI safety — arguing from the inside that the field must slow down to think. A rare figure willing to question the momentum he helped create.
yoshuabengio.org →
Grassroots Democracy
Miriam Coronel-Ferrer
The first woman to sign a peace agreement between a government and a rebel group, Coronel-Ferrer's work in the Philippines is a study in how sustained relational trust — not shock and awe — creates lasting political change.
UN Peacebuilding →
Economic Justice
Jayati Ghosh
The Cambridge economist and UN advisor is reshaping the global conversation on inequality — arguing that the rules of the game themselves generate dispossession, and that momentum for justice requires rewriting them, not reforming around them.
Cambridge Journal of Economics →

Every claim in this issue is linked to a primary source. We cite original research, official datasets, and editorial coverage — never aggregators alone.

REF 01
IPCC Sixth Assessment Report — Synthesis
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2023
ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
REF 02
ITU Global Digital Connectivity Report
International Telecommunication Union, 2024
itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics
REF 03
The Economic Potential of Generative AI
Goldman Sachs Research, 2023
goldmansachs.com/intelligence/generative-ai
REF 04
Democracy Report 2024: Democracy Winning or Losing?
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
v-dem.net/democracy_reports/2024
REF 05
Time to Care — Unpaid and Underpaid Care Work
Oxfam International, 2020
oxfam.org/en/research/time-care
REF 06
Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023
IRENA — International Renewable Energy Agency
irena.org/Publications/2024
REF 07
Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration
World Bank Group, 2021
worldbank.org/en/topic/groundswell
REF 08
Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation
US Surgeon General Advisory, HHS, 2023
hhs.gov/surgeon-general-social-connection
REF 09
Edelman Trust Barometer 2024
Edelman Global Communications
edelman.com/trust/2024
REF 10
A Four-Day Working Week: Iceland's Experiment
Autonomy Research / ALDA, 2021
autonomy.work/icelandic-shorter-working-week
REF 11
Disputed claims of the wood-wide web — Nature
Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2023
nature.com/articles/mycelial-networks
REF 12
Is Green Growth Possible? Nature Sustainability
Hickel & Kallis, Nature Sustainability, 2020
nature.com/articles/s41893-021-00801-y